INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Short-term exposure to these diets (1–7 days) primarily focuses on rapid metabolic changes, including intestinal proliferation, insulin resistance, and lipid absorption (Shalon et al., 2023; Keles et al., 2025), while medium-term studies (8–12 weeks) evaluate systemic effects, such as gut barrier disruption, inflammation, and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Jiang and Miao, 2023).