VDAC1 and multiminicore myopathy: In the CD4+ T-cell subset, MMD patients displayed increased levels of KEAP1, XBP1, CytC, HLA-DR, and CTLA-4, along with decreased expression of HIF1A, ATP5A, OGDH, OPA1, VDAC1, PD-1, and ICOS compared to HCs (Fig. 4C).