In line with the loss of transcriptional drivers of colonic differentiation, expression of general markers of colonic epithelial cells (VIL1, GPA33, MYO1A) (Fig. 3A), and markers of the major colonic cell lineages, enterocytes (FABP1, CDH17, KRT20, ALPI, ERBB3) and goblet cells (TFF3, MUC2, AGR2), were significantly downregulated in HG tumours (Fig. 3C, D). This evidence concerns the gene VIL1 and neoplasm.