In summary, the data from WS suggest that deficits in RH lateralized functions may be related to more than one gene or mechanism, with BUD23 transcription contributing to hMT lateralized functions and GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I to visual-spatial construction in WS, supported by studies of partial deletions with or without a given gene24,65. Here, GTF2IRD1 is linked to Werner syndrome.