A recent study implicated aberrant mTOR activation as a factor that activates CD276 expression and showed that neutralising antibodies against CD276 decreased renal tumour growth in an autochthonous mouse model driven by Tsc2 mutation46, providing strong evidence that CD276 might also play a role in ccRCC, a tumour type which is known to be characterised by high levels of mTOR activation47. Here, TSC2 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.