SERPINA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The EIA/AAT ratio was higher in non AATD-related COPD patients and in augmented Pi*ZZ patients (1.27 (SD: 0.3) and 1.14 (SD: 0.5) respectively) and lower in controls and non-augmented Pi*ZZ individuals (1.06 (SD: 0.15) and 1.04 (SD: 0.2), respectively) (p < 0.001) (Table 2 and Fig 2).