Table 1 showed the baseline characteristics of participants grouped according to Log-dNLR quartiles. Participants with higher Log-dNLR had a higher prevalence of DM, CVD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer status, CKD, and stroke (Table 1). Participants in the all-cause mortality group were older, more likely to be male, history of comorbidities and non-Hispanic White, had higher waist circumference, AST, creatinine and HbA1c, and had lower albumin, education level, and income (Table 2). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is hyperlipidemia.