NF1 and cancer: We hypothesized that (i) children with NF1 + CI will exhibit significantly poorer HRQoL compared to published data for healthy children but better HRQoL compared to children with cancer, and (ii) based on the above study findings and elements of the Ferrans et al. [16] model, individual characteristics (i.e., age, sex, and intellectual functioning) will not be significant predictors but functional status (e.g., activities of daily living (ADL) and symptoms (e.g., emotions and behaviors) will be significant predictors of psychosocial HRQoL.