The CCK8 assays showed exogenous TGF‐β1 and VEGFA rendered tumor cells resistant to RT, while the blockade of TGF‐β1 and VEGFA with Y332D significantly inhibited survival fractions and proliferation of 4T1, CT26, H22, and GL261 tumor cells under irradiation (Figure 3i). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.