As per the literature, the PTX3 levels rise significantly after hemodialysis, implicating that the procedure itself induces higher inflammation, further reinforcing that PTX3 is a sensitive biochemical marker for dialysis-related inflammatory processes and cardiovascular risk among CKD patients. Factors such as diabetes, hypertension, malnutrition, and dialysis duration may influence these biomarkers, potentially confounding observed associations. Here, PTX3 is linked to malnutrition.