Notably, our findings align with studies in the central nervous system showing that defective fractalkine signaling leads to abnormal microglial activation and aggravates neuroinflammation and tissue damage in neurodegenerative diseases (Cardona et al., 2006; Cardona et al., 2018; Mendiola et al., 2022). Here, CX3CL1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.