A 1:4 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching algorithm was then used to identify comparable controls without GLP-1 RA use, based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), primary procedure code, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, smoking status, kidney disease, and anxiety), and the use of prevalent diabetic medications (insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, and SGLT-2 inhibitors). Here, INS is linked to hypertensive disorder.