PRKAA1 and pulmonary emphysema: Prophylactically used AMPK activators can reduce inflammation and cellular senescence in emphysema mice, which has been associated with the upregulation of mitochondrial proteins including SOD2 and SIRT3; AMPK-α1/α2 knocked down in human bronchial epithelia increases cellular senescence-related gene expression (Cheng et al., 2017).