In addition to oxidative stress, inflammation is also a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of gastropathy that is generated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.120–122 Based on the findings of the present study, it was observed that the level of inflammatory markers, specifically TNF-α and IL-1β, was considerably greater in the group that was subjected to ulcer induction (G2) compared to the group that served as the control (G1) and the other treatment groups (G3, G4). Here, IL1B is linked to ulcer disease.