In a study involving 185 patients with type 2 diabetes, the urinary MCP-1-to-creatinine ratio (MCP-1/Cr) was significantly associated with both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; p = 0.023) and albuminuria (p < 0.001), with levels rising in parallel with increasing kidney damage, demonstrating a clear dose–response relationship (54). Here, CCL2 is linked to Nephropathy.