For example, in HAE-nC1INH with mutations in the PLG gene, altered plasminogen bypasses kallikrein and directly cleaves HMWK to produce bradykinin (26) Furthermore, HAE-nC1INH with mutations in the MYOF, ANGPT-1, and HS3ST6 genes may involve vascular permeability factors beyond bradykinin (4, 27, 28). Here, KLK4 is linked to hereditary angioedema.