Recent research has revealed that NSUN5 can recruit TET2, leading to conversion of the m5C modification to 5hmC on the CTNNB1 caRNA, which is then recognized by the reader RBFOX2, promoting caRNA degradation and immune system activation, increasing the phagocytosis of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and facilitating the elimination of gliomas. Here, NSUN5 is linked to central nervous system cancer.