Moreover, other HLA variants such as HLA-DQA1 g.32622994 T>A/T>C (rs2097432) and HLA-DRB1 g.32465390 G>T (rs2395185) were associated with long-term anti-TNF drug response in children with IBD, highlighting their potential as predictive biomarkers for therapy outcomes (100). Here, HLA-DQA1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.