OTUD4 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: In brief, certain OTU members were oncogenic in specific cancers, such as OTUB1 in glioma (6), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (60), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (61), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (62); OTUB2 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (63) and cervical cancer (64); OTUD4 in glioblastoma (GBM) (65); OTUD6A in prostate cancer (66); OTUD6B in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (67) and multiple myeloma (68); TNFAIP3 in glioma (69) and melanoma (70).