FFAR2 and Alzheimer disease: Complementary TUNEL assays revealed substantial reductions in neuronal apoptosis, with the GPR43-OE group showing fewer TUNEL+/living neurons cells (16.62 ± 0.95 vs. AD: 31.45 ± 5.67; p < 0.05; Fig. 6F) and lower percentages of TUNEL-positive cells (22.75 ± 2.926 vs. AD:41.25 ± 4.44; p < 0.05; Fig. 6G) per 100x microscopic field, collectively indicating the anti-apoptotic effects of GPR43 overexpression in AD models.