The results are consistent with previous studies which indicated that RUP has a perfect safety profile in different clinical studies (Khalaf et al. 2022b) and has demonstrated protection against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the PAF-mediated pathway, which involves a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung, resulting in a subsequent reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed lung (Lv and Wang 2013). This evidence concerns the gene PCLAF and pulmonary fibrosis.