INS and Insulin resistance: The effect of short sleep duration on diabetes is direct: insufficient sleep may induce insulin resistance and reduce insulin sensitivity (19); Short sleep duration increases sympathetic nerve activity, which inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, resulting in decreased glucose tolerance (20); Reduced sleep duration may be a new regulator of insulin signaling pathways (21); Lack of sleep can increase energy intake and lead to weight gain, which can affect blood sugar regulation (22).