IL1B and gastric cancer: At the same time, studies have found that G protein coupled estrogen receptors prevent the activation of NF-κB promoter by Hp cytotoxin related gene A in gastric cancer cells, and inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-T), IL-6, and IL-1 (Kang et al., 2021; Okamoto et al., 2023),.