Clinical observational studies have further confirmed that MOGAD patients exhibit higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) compared to MS patients (115), as well as elevated levels of neutrophil-associated cytokines (such as interleukin-8 [IL-8] and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) (97). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and myeloid sarcoma.