BDNF and stroke disorder: These findings contrast with previous studies reporting BDNFacute increases following a single vigorous CE session, including a GXT, in both neurotypical populations,29 and individuals in the chronic stage of stroke.43 Additionally, while studies in neurotypical populations show that several weeks of CE training can improve the BDNF response to a single bout of exercise (BDNFacute),44 our findings align with the only stroke study examining acute responses to training, which found no effect of 10 weeks of vigorous-intensity treadmill training on BDNFacute immediately after a GXT.39