We confirmed that miR-383-5p directly targeted the 3′ UTR of PRDX3, leading to decreased mRNA expression levels of PRDX3. Overexpression of miR-383-5p or PRDX3 deficiency in vivo promoted liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis by increasing the level of hepatic ROS. This evidence concerns the gene PRDX3 and schistosomiasis.