CD274 and malaria: For downregulated genes, significant enrichment was observed for PDL1 expression and PD1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, T cell receptor signaling pathway, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, malaria, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (Fig. 4b), whereas the pathways enriched for upregulated genes were similar the pathways affected for the entire DLBCL, NOS series.