Importantly, we have shown that T cells from PWH had a lower threshold to upregulate the immunoregulatory receptors LAG3, TIM3, PD-1, and CD39 and, strikingly, were less able to induce tumor killing of HLA-matched tumor cells, demonstrating that PWH, even after viral suppression, harbored both phenotypic and functional differences that could affect the response to neoantigens. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.