Although this methodologic approach may demonstrate some immune responses that are not HLA restricted due to a lack of matching for all MHC class I/II alleles, the increased expression of exhaustion markers in this setting, regardless, emphasizes that this functional defect is likely to affect the ability of PWH to respond to neoantigens in vivo, including in the tumor environment of malignancies like NSCLC, which we know are dependent on an effective immune response to control tumor growth. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-C and non-small cell lung carcinoma.