However, several other inflammation-associated genes, including IL1R2, IL1RAP, IL1RA, IL6ST, IL6RA, TNFAIP3, TLR6, TLR10, TGFB1I1, TNFRSF10 A, TNFRSF10D, and TNFRSF13 C, were significantly upregulated in NEC patients (Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene TNFAIP3 and necrotizing enterocolitis.