However, several other inflammation-associated genes, including IL1R2, IL1RAP, IL1RA, IL6ST, IL6RA, TNFAIP3, TLR6, TLR10, TGFB1I1, TNFRSF10 A, TNFRSF10D, and TNFRSF13 C, were significantly upregulated in NEC patients (Fig. 5). Here, IL6ST is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.