STAT3 and cancer: Moreover, thymoquinone has been proven to be a potential anticancer agent because it inhibits many cancer progression pathways and signaling molecules, such as activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, which contributes to cell proliferation and tumor survival (Asaduzzaman Khan et al., 2017; Farooqi et al., 2022).