AQP4 and brain edema: It was found that GAS could inhibit the expression of AQP4 in the cortical ischemic semi-dark zone region of CIRI rats through negative regulation of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway, reduce the entry of Ca2+ into the cells, and attenuate cerebral edema, which in turn protects the neuronal cells and improves the impairment of neurological function of the rats, with a dose-dependency (Xie et al., 2022).