ALK and thyroid gland carcinoma: The main drivers in thyroid cancer pathogenesis are single-point mutations and gene fusions in components of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways such as point mutations of BRAF, RAS, PIK3CA, and AKT1 or gene fusions of BRAF, RET, ALK, and NTRK. Other important genetic alterations in the more advanced types of thyroid cancer include mutations in the TERT promoter, EIF1AX, MED12, RBM10, CTNNB1, and TP53 (5, 6).