GO and KEGG pathway analyses of the hub genes showed highly similar enriched patterns, such as DNA repair, response to xenobiotic stimulus, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Fanconi anemia pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction, all of which are critical cancer-related pathways (Helleday et al., 2008; Wen and Han, 2021; Ladelfa et al., 2011; Glaviano et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2020; Najafi et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and cancer.