Regardless of the degree of tumor-specific or neoantigen-specific TILs, reinfused TILs are still affected by TME-mediated mechanisms, such as IL-10, TGF-β, nitrogen metabolism products, low pH, high lactate, and hypoxia (93), a challenge faced by any T cell migrating to the TME. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.