CSF1R and neoplasm: In a combination therapy based on the PDAC vaccine (GVAX), anti-PD-1, and anti-CSF1R antibodies, PD-1+ T cells can be converted into CD137+-activated effector T cells172 after the addition of anti-CSF1R antibodies, thereby increasing the hypersensitivity responses to autologous tumor cells of PDAC patients.173