IL6 and neoplasm: These DEGs were further analyzed via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), revealing that the STAT3 (-log p-value = 1.45), tumor microenvironment (-log p-value = 0.684), and IL-6 signaling pathways (-log p-value = 0.254), often associated with HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, were notably enriched among the upregulated DEGs (Table S1).