Finally, there is a critical pathological relevance to nephrin’s signaling roles, as recent studies have discovered nephrin autoantibodies in a large percentage of patients with minimal change disease (44%), FSGS (9%), or idiopathic nephrotic syndromes (52–90% in certain pediatric groups), and these autoantibodies correlated with disease outcome [18,112]. Here, NPHS1 is linked to lipoid nephrosis.