TLR4 and colitis: Via regulating microbiota–host interactions, C18-3OH of EcN alleviated colitis progression, further supporting the therapeutic role of EcN in colitis and nominating the C18-3OH as the functional factor of EcN .284 On the other hand, E. coli may promote the recovery of colitis in mice via activation of the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway.