TOLLIP and necrotizing enterocolitis: L. rhamnosus alleviates TLR4-mediated intestinal injury through dose-dependent upregulation of TLR inhibitors SIGIRR and A20117; B. adolescentis significantly reduces NEC in preterm rats induced by hypoxia and cold stress by increasing TOLLIP and SIGIRR expression.118 Additionally, S. boulardii mitigates intestinal injury in neonatal NEC mice by inhibiting the SirT1/NF-κB axis, suggesting the cross-species regulatory potential of fungal probiotics.119