MPDZ and neoplasm: Among the 25 hub genes in both the normal and tumor tissues, 9 genes (DIXDC1, FBXL7, MSRB3, MPDZ, ZEB1, PPP1R12A, SPG20, JAM3, and IKZF1) were downregulated, and 2 genes (CDK1 and KIF11) were upregulated in the tumor compared to the normal tissue (Fig. 5 and Table 2), whose functions are described in Supplementary Table 7.