Such as, in mouse models of lung cancer, the activation of DRD2 on MDSCs reduces their tumor infiltration.305 Moreover, DA targeting DRD1 reduced nitric oxide production of MDSCs, subsequently reversed local immune suppression of mice with NSCLC and melanoma.306 These findings highlight the dualistic nature of CAs in modulating immune responses and suggest that their effects may depend on the context, the specific receptors involved, and the type of immune cells they interact with. This evidence concerns the gene DRD1 and neoplasm.