CXCL1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: There are several possible mechanisms: First, while adiponectin promotes the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in bone marrow to osteoblasts via CXCL1 and CXCL8 up-regulation, subjects with obesity are prone to obtain lower levels of adiponectin [58,59].