Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment (500 nM) also significantly increased macrophage recruitment to HCC cells in vitro. Notably, quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in mouse-derived CD11b+macrophage infiltration within 1,25(OH)2D3-treated tumors compared to PBS control in mouse co-xenograft models (data not shown). Here, ITGAM is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.