Moreover, the findings clearly demonstrate that the chitosan nanoparticles loaded with 5-Fu and aspirin enhanced the intracellular concentration of the drugs, leading to synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the inhibition of NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression (Wang et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.