AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, engineered microparticles loaded with resiquimod (R848@M2pep-MPsAFP) in macrophages overexpressing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) have been shown to target and reprogram immunosuppressive M2-like TAMs into the M1-like phenotype, thereby enhancing anti-PD-1 therapy for HCC (111).