CD274 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), augmented infiltration of IgG+ plasma cells and macrophages is an indicator of poor prognosis; this is because IgG+ plasma cells are recruited by TAMs via the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) axis, and IgG in turn facilitates infiltration of TAMs and expression of PD-L1 in macrophages within the tumor (50).