Notably, in the ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamus (vlVMH), a subset of GI neurons co-expressing estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and Ano4 has been identified as critical sensors for hypoglycemia, triggering counterregulatory responses (e.g., glucagon release) via projections to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) (He et al., 2020). Here, ESR1 is linked to Hypoglycemia.