Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency exacerbates this interaction by activating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway and leading to compromised intestinal barrier function, increased permeability, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β; this cascade enhances osteoclast activity, accelerating bone loss and aggravating osteoporosis [105]. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to osteoporosis.