CYP17A1 and Infertility: For example, elevated ovarian expression of CYP17A1 has been associated with increase androgen and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which contributes to hyperandrogenism, disrupted folliculogenesis, and increased risk of infertility (Rosenfield and Ehrmann, 2016; Choi et al., 2024).