Established markers of TSC identity and maintenance are gradually downregulated, including Elf5, Fgfr1, Cdx2, and Esrrb. Tfap2c, which is essential for TSC maintenance but also for priming cells to express differentiation markers14 is initially upregulated, before becoming slightly downregulated after 48 h. Here, FGFR1 is linked to tuberous sclerosis.