TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: TLR4, a classic pattern recognition receptor, has recently been proven to play a critical role in pro‐inflammatory responses induced by Aβ or Tau in immune cells.[31] Upregulated expression of the TLR4 was reported in glial cells surrounding plaques in the postmortem brains of AD patients.[32] The inflammation triggered by injection of Aβ in the brain can lead to neuronal death, synaptic loss, and cognitive dysfunction in WT mice, but no such response was observed in TLR4 knockout mice.[33] TLR4 activation is connected with the development of AD pathology and cognitive impairment.