During induced-renal fibrosis in male mice, chitosan oligosaccharide (200 and 400 mg/kg BW/day by gastric lavage for 7 days) intervention not only increased SOD, GPx and GSH levels, but also declined MDA content in the obstructed kidney tissues in a dose-dependent manner, thus reducing oxidative damage39. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is renal fibrosis.